本人 20 180 86 偏1
想搵24或以下嘅去staycation 過一晚
希望有白正瘦仔 唔係都無所謂?
有意dm or comment tg or line俾我

我有地方   有意   留搵到你既方法 ：）

今晚   很想   可以   有人會來插入我 屎忽

想搵人fun, 可試下10。 
有意可以pm我。

俾人恐嚇想delete返啲個人資料
或者delete post
Urgent

蓝男色No.260 资源分享（一）
反映热烈会继续更新哦~
喜欢的伙伴们就多多收藏，回复，评论哦~
这样才会激起更新的欲望哦~

蓝男色No.260 资源分享（一）
反映热烈会继续更新哦~
喜欢的伙伴们就多多收藏，回复，评论哦~
这样才会激起更新的欲望哦~


 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

找學生fun/sp,最好係中學生,唔係中學生都得既


有眼鏡同埋最好就瘦架啦.最好就純0或10都可既

有意者請PM Line 留Satus同埋Line一定要有相.冇相唔會Add.謝謝

Hair Chalk: How to Use It & Remove It

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    Perhaps it’s all the gorgeous festival beauty looks on our Pinterest feeds, but lately we’ve had the urge to go full-on cotton candy with our locks. There’s something about pastel-hued, hair-chalked strands that speaks to our inner wild child—and we’ll be honest, the lack of commitment makes them even more appealing. But with new formulas springing up left and right, how are you supposed to know how to use (and more importantly, remove the remnants of) each one? We did the research for you, and found out exactly how to apply and wash out each type of [url=http://www.jialaitefc.com/hair-chalk/]hair chalk, leaving you more time to fishtail and dip-dye to your heart’s content.

    Liquid Hair Chalk

    Liquid hair chalk lasts anywhere from 2-10 shampoos. It will usually come with a sponge-tipped or foam applicator. To apply, place a towel over your shoulders and put on gloves to prevent staining your clothes and hands. Next, use the applicator to apply the formula to your locks. wait 30 seconds for product to absorb fully, then blow-dry with a styling brush. To remove it, you're supposed to just wash your hair as you would normally. However, you can also massage a hair oil like Sachajuan's Intensive Hair Oil ($33) into your strands before shampooing and conditioning, in order to speed up the removal process.

    Hair Chalk Compact

    A hair chalk compact can be used on wet or dry hair, but applying to wet hair will give you a more intense color. Take a one-inch section of hair and slide the hair chalk compact over the length you’d like to color. Seal the pigment in with a spritz of hairspray. Depending on how light your hair is, it'll last one to three shampoos to get it out of your hair. Hair chalk that comes in a compact will usually wash out quickly and easily with shampoo, though blondes may have to shampoo a few times more to rinse out all of the pigment.

    Hair Chalk Pen

    The traditional hair chalk pen can be used on wet or dry hair, and lasts from 2-4 shampoos, depending on how light your hair is. Place a towel on your shoulders and use gloves to prevent staining. If you're brunette, wet the section of hair you’d like to color before applying the chalk. Blondes can do that too, but it'll make the pigment stay on much longer. Apply the chalk to the strand of hair you'd like to color, twisting the hair into itself as you go. Allow for the color to dry, or just give it a cool blast of air with your hairdryer. Style as usual, but if you want to lock in the color, finish it with hairspray. It can be removed with normal shampoo, but a clarifying shampoo (like Verb's Reset, $16) will rinse it out quick.

    Hair Chalk Spray

    Hair chalk spray is likely the easiest to use, because you just spray it on dry hair right before going out. It typically only lasts a few shampoos, but that also means it's super easy to get out of your hair. Just mist the color directly on your hair, wherever you would like a pop of color, and style it like normal.

    Marker

    Markers, or felt-tip pens, serve a variety of functions. Children use them to make bright, colorful drawings. The stereotypical teacher uses a glaring, unmistakable red felt-tip to grade papers. Retail employees, roadside vendors, performers, and protestors rely on the indelible, eye-catching shades and thick inking surface of these writing and drawing utensils to announce sales, prices, and productions, or to create strongly worded posterboard signs to convey dissatisfaction. Markers are also useful for permanently marking surfaces, which is often necessary for identification purposes—putting names on clothing tags, boxes, and tape which can be adhered to almost any item.

    Raw Materials

    The marker body, cap, and plugs are formed from plastic resin. The marker reservoir, which holds the ink, is formed from polyester. Powder and water are used to form the felt writing tip. In addition, markers require ink, and the pigments and synthetic substances used to make it. Toluol and xylol used to be common synthetics used as solvents in dye, but due to their toxic nature these substances have largely been replaced with safer chemicals such as cyclic alkylene carbonates, although these chemicals are still used to make the indelible ink contained in permanent markers. The solvent is the substance into which the dye is diluted. Water also acts as a solvent in ink. Additives may also be used in an ink mixture to act as wetting agents.

    Making the marker

    3 To make the body of the marker, plastic resin is injection-molded into a marker body. Injection molding involves heating a substance, in this case plastic resin, into a molten state and forcing (injecting) it into a mold of the desired shape, then allowing it to cool and harden. Marker caps and plugs are formed in the same manner as the barrel.

    4 The nib, or tip, of the marker is made from powder which is mixed with water, molded, and baked into its pointed or flat form.

    5 Using one machine for all the following functions, an assembler then places a polyester cylinder inside the marker barrel to form a reservoir for the ink, fills the reservoir with ink, and inserts the nib at the bottom and the cap at the top.

    6 The markers are then placed into color assortment and packaged for retail marketing.

    The highlighter’s appeal has flourished in the digital age. Most word-processing and e-reader software products have a highlighter function. And the hand-held highlighter continues to evolve, too. In the early ’80s, the fiber tip gave way to polyethylene beads molded into porous heads. (The plastic squeaks less, and the ink flows more smoothly.) When the highlighter business saw that it wasn’t being embraced by holdouts who preferred pens, it made the dual highlighter/pen. There are now retractable highlighters. And flat ones. And ones that smell like pizza.

    LIGHTING UP THE BIBLE

    Due to the thin paper used in most Bibles, typical highlighters often bleed through. For that reason, G.T. Luscombe, a distributor of Bible-study accessories based in Frankfort, Ill., got into the business of Bible-paper-friendly highlighters. John Luscombe, the president and chief executive, explains:

    Is there a particular color code? There are different types of coding depending on how many colors there are. But for the most common four colors, we recommend that yellow represents blessings, blue represents the Holy Spirit, pink represents salvation and green represents growth and new life.

    How to Choose a Paint Starter Set for Beginners

    With so many paint colours available and new ranges being released every week, which paint set should you buy when you first start painting?

    The overwhelming feeling that descends when trying to buy paint colours either online or in your local art store can often lead to the safe bet…

    The pre-boxed starter set.

    The paint companies have designed them to help you, right? The best paints for your needs when you are just beginning…or so you would think.

    But are they a good choice?

    Are you getting the best value for money or are they sending you down the wrong path? I’ve devised a simple technique to help you decide which starter palette is right for you.

    Ready for a little paint history lesson to understand what you should be thinking about on your next trip to the art store?…

    Boxed starter sets are designed to give you a varied approach, a range of colours that can give you the widest colour gambit with the minimum amount of outlay.

    But here’s the rub.

    It depends on what you’re aiming for with your end result. If you think about the paintings that you want to achieve, the subject matter you are most drawn to before you actually buy your paints then you can make an educated guess which colour palette is going to be right for you.

    The Old Masters

    In Renaissance times, the Old Masters learnt their trade of painting as a craft.

    The tradition of the craft had a system of apprenticeship.

    Colour mixes were kept secret and passed on from generation to generation, some painters even created their own codes to keep the secret mixes safe.

    Working under apprenticeships in individual Ateliers (the French word for “workshop”) was the norm. Artists learnt how to grind their own paints from the natural earth pigments surrounding them. Working from dry pigments, they had to be mixed with oil and then ground into a paste by hand to make paint.

    The colour choice was limited and paintings relied on the use of dramatic lighting and tonal value to produce great works. (see: The Importance of contrast in painting)

    Working with this limited available palette can teach you a great deal about colour mixing and warm and cool colours. I’ve made a free still life video course that shows you a classical approach to painting using just burnt sienna, ultramarine blue & titanium white.

    Masters Palette – Perfect for portraits & understanding the importance of tone.

    When the Old Masters were mixing colours, the pigments came from the earth, literally ground up rocks and minerals – hence the muted palette being called the earth colours.

    When painting portraits, they couldn’t just go out to buy ‘flesh tint’ they looked, observed and mixed it.

    Burnt umber, raw umber, yellow ochre, burnt sienna, red ochre, these are the sorts of colours they would have been using.

    If you want to try and recreate an Old Master-style painting, using the pigments they used, gives you an immediate head start. In my article on ‘How to choose a basic portrait palette’ I use a muted collection of colours.

    Skin tones are muted, so start with a muted colour. It seems obvious right? But when you’re painting the urge to try and ‘fix it’ by adding an extra colour is huge.

    Don’t feel like it’s only you, I still do it now after 20 years, even though I should know better!

    The Holiday Season brings with it plenty of gifts… and then there are the actual gifts themselves! Yes, we know it. Christmas is not just about presents and shopping alone. It is definitely not a time to just run around from one store to another looking for that elusive gift. But we all do it anyway. Then comes the time to wrap it all up and put it under the giant tree so that it all feels picture-perfect. And for some us, this is undoubtedly the part that we most enjoy. Wrapping your Christmas gift feels so very serene, relaxing, and enjoyable. Maybe it is because you know that finally the shopping is all done. Maybe because you can marvel at the DIY Gift Box you just crafted. And once you’ve completed your DIY gift set you can choose from this pack of 20 different Holiday Grosgrain Ribbon patterns as the final touch. 

    This is right; this Holiday Season, it is time to give your presents a homemade box. A festive DIY gift box makes it all more personal and you will see that every member of your family and our friends will love the custom box as much as they cherish the gift inside. Handmade gift boxes also give you greater creative hkmenspa when it comes to ‘saying it just right’. 

Design and Development of Telescopic Conveyor

    This telescopic belt conveyor is an effective and
ergonomic alternative to labour-intensive routines.
Operators can move heavy or awkward packages into or out
of a container/truck rapidly with little effort. Extending
some 20 meters/65 ft., telescopic belt conveyors can be used
to load/unload any type of loose-loaded cargo - typically
parcels, boxes, sacks & tyres. An intuitive smart-pad on
either side enables precise control of the boom's elevation
and telescopic movement. Push buttons at the operator end
of the boom control activation, lights, belt direction etc.

    A telescopic belt conveyor is an effective and
ergonomic alternative to labour-intensive routines.
Operators can move heavy or awkward packages into or out
of a container/truck rapidly with little effort. Extending
some 20 meters/65 ft., telescopic belt conveyors can be used
to load/unload any type of loose-loaded cargo - typically parcels, boxes, sacks & tyres. An intuitive smart-pad on
either side enables precise control of the boom's elevation
and telescopic movement. Push buttons at the operator end
of the boom control activation, lights, belt direction etc.
Exceptionally small base sections combined with up to five
extending sections enables us to provide custom telescopic
conveyors to suit your requirements.

    Wheel Sorter

    Wheel Sorter is used for belt conveyor system or roller conveyor system. The characteristics of this design is to track conveyed goods accurately and stably as well as set sorting positions at any position along both sides of conveyor lines conveniently to satisfy customers with different sorting requirements. Achieve maximum sorting rate at the same time its best economical efficiency.

    Durable: Our O-Belt is made in a whole piece, without any gaps to ensure a longer service life!

    §High Sorting Rate: Designed for high speed and bidirectional for sorting operation on both sides at the same time. Maximum Sorting Rate can be 7200 pieces/hour.

    §Low Noise: Use new material and noise elimination technology which can be friendly for Environment, noise can be less than 75dB.

    §Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection: Light weight material and low energy consumption structure as well as low power and source power (conveyor) drive to achieve successful operation.

    §Flexible and Stable Sorting Operation: Online double-row swivel wheel technology prevents conveyed goods from vibration and damage. Stably and flexibly sort goods from light duty to maximum 50kg heavy duty range.

    §Easy Layout and Maintenance: Use unit modular design and embedding combination structure, easy for sorting positions be placed at any position along both sides of conveyor line. Product is more reasonable, simple, conveniently used and maintained.

    DWS Systems makes its international show debut at IFAT

    DWS System, the joint venture between Siltbuster, the water treatment specialist and the German recycling equipment giant, Doppstadt, , will be exhibiting at IFAT 2016 in Munich. This will be the first time DWS Systems has taken part in an international show, since the company was formed in 2015.

    Located in hall B1.404, DWS Systems will be exhibiting the latest Gritbuster WT-250 road sweepings recycling system. The WT-250 is uniquely engineered to handle road sweepings, gully waste and trommel fines on a commercial scale, handling up to 25 tonnes per hour. It cleverly uses water to further separate out recyclable materials - washed gravel and sand products - making it easier for materials recycling facilities to separate out on a large scale the constituent elements of the waste they handle. This boosts the level of material reuse and minimises waste going to landfill. Thanks to this level of innovation, the WT-250 is in the running for a prestigious MRW National Recycling Award.

    DWS Systems will also be showing its range of water treatment technologies including the HB40R lamella clarifier. This is specifically designed for the removal of suspended solids and other matter from process waters, so that the water can be reused. As a result, those using DWS Systems’ water treatment kit can operate a closed loop process; they don’t have to rely on large settlement lagoons to naturally treat their waste water. The net result is compact solutions which can be rapidly deployed on small sites to reprocess a range of waste materials to a higher standard than can be achieved by the current dry processing techniques.

    Commenting on the company’s presence at the exhibition, Dr Richard Coulton, founder of Siltbuster and CEO of DWS Systems UK said: “As just these two products show, we have some powerful solutions for the world’s recycling industry. The collaboration between our two businesses means we can roll them out to an international audience much faster, which is important as the recycling sector faces some real challenges which our systems address. Our presence at IFAT is an important first step in that process. It’s a great opportunity to showcase both the new business and most importantly, the technologies we offer.”

    Chapter One - What is a Conveyor Belt?

    A conveyor belt is a material handling system designed to move supplies, materials, and components using an efficient and effortless process that saves on time, energy, and cost. The design of conveyor belts includes two motorized pulleys with the conveyor material looped over them. The pulleys operate at the same speed and move in the same direction to activate the motion of the conveyor belt.

    There is an endless number of types and uses for conveyor belts. All of the varieties serve the purpose of transporting materials and goods along a continuously moving path. Though motorized conveyor belts are the traditional form of a conveying system, there are systems that use rollers without a motor to move materials.

    Chapter Two - Types of Conveyor Belts

    The range and uses of conveyor belts cover several industrial settings and applications. The efficiency of conveyor belt systems assists in improving productivity, saves on labor costs, and decreases lead times. Conveyor belts move large quantities of goods quickly and reliably for transport, further assembly, or storage.

    The principal reasons so many conveyor systems are in use are the savings in labor costs, efficient movement of goods, and their ability to keep products and materials from damage. They provide the best possible service at the lowest possible cost.

    Types of Conveyor Belts

    Roller Bed Conveyor Belt

    The surface of a roller bed conveyor belt is a set of rollers that match the weight and speed required by the product. The length of the roller bed conveyor belt determines the number of rollers to be used.

    A roller bed conveyor belt is designed for applications where materials are loaded by gravity. They are an ideal solution for conditions where materials have to be moved over long distances since they are designed to reduce friction.

    Flat Belt Conveyor Belt

    A flat belt conveyor belt uses a series of pulleys to move materials and supplies. Its belt is made of natural or synthetic materials; this makes it versatile and adaptable to varying conditions and applications. In some instances, a flat belt conveyor belt may have a center drive and nose bars.

    Modular Conveyor Belt

    A modular belt conveyor consists of interlocked pieces made of hard plastic with segments that can be easily removed and replaced. The design of modular belt conveyors makes it easier to clean, and the material is resistant to sharp and abrasive substances. Modular belt conveyors come in varying configurations and use a single belt to go around corners, in a straight line, up inclines, and down declines.

    Cleated Conveyor Belt

    Cleated belt conveyors have sections, pockets, or dividers that secure granular products when the belt declines or inclines. The cleats have equal spacing between them and come in various styles and shapes depending on the product to be moved and the design of the belt.

    Inverted Capital T

    An inverted T cleat stands perpendicular to the belt and provides support for delicate and fragile materials.

    Forward Leaning Capital L

    A leaning capital L has a wide base that can be curved to scoop up granular materials. The design of the capital L makes it less resistant to leverage forces.

    Inverted V

    Inverted V cleats are two inches or less to create a trough like effect and are used for heavy, abrasive, and larger pieces of bulk materials.

    Lugs and Pegs

    Lugs and pegs are designed to meet the specific needs of a product and are a cost effective solution for products that do not require continuous support, such as cartons. They can be selectively placed to move products of varying sizes.

    Sidewall

    The purpose of sidewalls on a conveyor belt is to keep the material being moved on the belt. Sidewall conveyor belts are ideal for incline and decline belts and help increase product load capacity to improve conveyor system efficiency. There are a wide variety of sidewall materials, and they can be corrugated at various depths to fit the needs of the product and application.

    Curved Conveyor Belt

    The curves in conveyor belts are used to carry products around corners, make transfers, and make efficient use of floor space. Curved conveyor belts can make “U” turns to face the direction from which they came. They are made with flat belts and can make turns at 45o, 90o, 135o, and 180o angles.

    Incline Conveyor Belt

    Incline conveyor belts have a rough, uneven surface to hold materials and prevent them from slipping or falling back. The underside of the belt is smooth to allow the belt to glide smoothly along the bed. Modular belt and timing belt conveyors can be used for this purpose. Depending on the material to be moved, cleats may be included for increased slippage prevention.

    Decline Conveyor Belt

    The purpose of a decline conveyor belt is to move products or materials down or change its height. As with the incline version of conveyor belts, a decline conveyor belt has a rough surface or cleats to prevent materials from slipping or falling.

    Decline conveyor belts are a continuous operating conveyor system with an articulated frame with a section that is pivoted or placed downward to accommodate downward movement of products from an upper location.

    An advancement in conveyor belt technology is the electroadhesion conveyor belt, which acts like a magnet that is activated by a switch to create a strong and secure holding force between the container and the belt. Two low amp power strips placed in the conveyor belt powers its holding force. Materials with an electrically conductive pattern are knitted into the belt to produce the force that holds materials in place.

    Filter Conveyor Belt

    Unlike conventional conveyor belts, filter conveyor belts allow materials to pass through in order to drain excess liquid from components or filter out toxins and contaminants. Filter conveyor belts are constructed with lateral grooves and holes in the center of the belt to allow liquids and fluids to escape. Drainage holes are placed in a fabric free zone down the center of the belt or sealed to prevent the liquid from soaking into the belt fabric.

    Much like a sidewall conveyor belt, filter conveyor belts can have sidewalls to prevent liquids and fluids from spilling over the sides of the belt. They are made of heated polyester, polypropylene, polyolefin, or stainless steel mesh for dewatering applications.

    Vacuum filter belts are used for washing coal and other ores to assist in the separation of fluids and solids.

How To Use A Plate Bevelling Machine

    Here is a professional guide about how to use a manual feed plate beveller aka plate bevelling machine and it’s setting up, tool change, cleaning, and maintenance.

    This is a step by step complete guide on how to use plate beveling machines. In brief, this article covers the following points,

            Components of the SKF 25 plate beveling machine

            Safety measure before setting up the plate beveller

            Checking the workpiece

            Setting the milling head of the plate beveller

            Setting the chamfer width plate beveller

            Mounting the rollers of the plate beveller

            Milling with the plate beveller

            Using the plate beveller

            Tool change of the bevelling machine

            Cleaning of the bevelling machine
        
            Maintainance of the bevelling machine

            Safety measure before setting up the plate beveller

             The beveling machine may only be operated in a horizontal position. Secure the workpiece.

             Checking the properties of the workpiece. 

             The surface of the workpiece must meet the following require- ments. The surface must be smooth and may not have any burn points, slag, welding joints or similar.  Before beginning with milling, remove surface unevenness. 

                 Setting the milling head
                                
                 Place the machine onto the upper side (power connecting cable ).  Release the locking mechanism (2) on both sides of the machine. Set the desired milling angle. The milling angle can be viewed on the scale (1). Tighten the locking mechanism (2) on both sides of the machine.

            Setting the chamfer width

            Place the machine onto the upper side (power connecting cable ). Release the locking mechanism (1). Set the desired chamfer angle by turning the adjusting screw (3). The chamfer width can be viewed on the scale (2). Tighten the locking mechanism (1).

    Mounting the guide roller for milling plates

      Mount the plate (3) according to the illustration. Fix the guide rollers (2) in the borehole (1) with the washer and nut.

        What is Pipe Beveling? How to Bevel a Pipe?
    
        Pipe beveling is an angle forming between the edge of the end of a pipe or tube. When the pipe end is formed with a certain degree of an angle, it is called a bevel end or beveled end. Pipe beveling is an essential step in the welding preparation process of pipe joining. The quality of the beveled pipe directly affects the quality of the welding, so that proper pipe preparation ensures the best possible weld joint. Other than welding, beveling can also be used for deburring the cut pipe ends for aesthetic and safety reasons.

        There are several pipe end preparation methods for welding. In this article, the types and pros, and cons of pipe beveling machine will be discussed.

            What is correct, beveling, or bevelling?

            Both beveling and bevelling are correct. 'Pipe bevelling' is the English UK spelling and 'pipe beveling' is the English US. Also, the wording pipe chamfering, pipe end working, pipe end preparation, and pipe prepping are other common terms for this application method.

            Beveling vs. Chamfering: What is the difference?
        
            Pipe chamfering is technically a type of pipe beveling. Both terms refer to an edge forming between two faces of a pipe or tube. However, the main difference between pipe chamfering and pipe beveling is that a chamfer is an edge that connects two faces at a 45 degrees angle, whereas the bevel's slope can be any angle except 45 or 90 degrees.

            How to Bevel a Pipe?

            There are various ways to bevel a pipe. Using a portable or stationary beveling machines, doing it by a hand grinder, or by a plasma or torch cutter.

            The hand grinding method of pipe beveling is the cheapest and the most dangerous method compared to using a pipe beveling machine. It is time-consuming, and a skilled operator is required to perform a bevel on a pipe by a hand grinder. Moreover, it is nearly impossible to keep the bevel quality the same for each pipe operation while creating a lot of mess.

            Using a torch or plasma cutter is another type of pipe end preparation machine. It provides faster results compared to a hand grinder, however; it also has some drawbacks. The flat land at the end of the pipe needs to prepared by hand, which is not a safe process. Yet again, the command produced will be inconsistent.
        
        
            Also, this pipe beveling method cannot be used on all materials, which would affect your flexibility in production.
        
            A portable beveling machine comes in different configurations and is notably safer than the previous two methods. The biggest advantage of these portable machines is that they are portable so that it's time-efficient since the user can take the machine to the pipe. They are convenient to use for maintenance work, or on a construction site. However, they are inadequate to meet high production requirements.

            Stationary beveling machines provide the most options and flexibility for pipe beveling. Almost all kinds of pipe bevel shapescan be created with different combinations of tools. They are designed to meet high production requirements in a safe working environment. Also, stationary pipe beveling machines are easy to integrate with automated production lines, so that the operator does not even have to be on the machine all the time. There are various benefits of stationary beveling machines such as; standard carbide cutting inserts are inexpensive to replace when needed, easy to set up and requires low maintenance, ensures the lowest cost and fastest cycle time per bevel, provides safe working environment without creating a mess, offers a broad range of machining options and can machine several pipe or tube materials, and does not require a skilled operator. Last but not least, stationary pipe beveling machines ensure constant pipe bevel quality that directly affects the quality of pipe welding.

            The pipe cutting machine developed in this study is a portable device used to cut a steel pipe. The machine, which is attached to the steel pipe by magnetic force, is moving around the pip e using four wheels. It also works for straight cutting of a steel plate. For the higher precision and labor time reduction, the automation of a pipe-cutting process is needed. However, it is not easily achieved because of vibrations and the loss of track. It is also found that the problems of the automation arise from the coupling of the functional requirements for the pipe-cutting machine. So, it is very difficult io solve the problems by a conventional design method. 

            Manufacturers of all types of industrial products go to great lengths when promoting the features and benefits of their products on their websites. But many fall short of offering any real guidance on how to choose the right machine for each individual customer’s needs. So, to help out, we’re pleased to offer guidance to people wanting to know more about flange facing products. Included are answers to some of the commonest questions our technical sales team encounter.

            SECTION 1: BEGINNER BASICS

            If you’re new to flange facing. Here are answers to some of the more fundamental questions;

            Why is there a need for flange facing machines?

            Although flanges are mass-produced with machined surfaces, damage to the flange surface during transit and installation can occur. This results in scratches and dents to the sealing surface. Damage like this puts the integrity of the joint at risk – with potentially disastrous consequences. Even after pipelines have become operational, a joint’s integrity can be compromised by corrosion inside the joint. When this happens, the flange often needs to be replaced and can be removed using a split frame/clamshell cutter.

            What are the main industries using flange facing machines?

            These include petrochemical and pharmaceutical production plants, oil wells, pipelines and power generation plants.

            How do flange facers work?

            They work in a similar way to a gramophone player, with the cutting tool traveling in a spiral path across the face of the flange. This surface finish is commonly specified for flanges in the oil and gas industries, with the gasket material being compressed to fill the spiral groove. A flange with a spiral grooved finish is less liable to leakage, as any gas or liquid is forced to travel in the long spiral path rather than across the flange face.

            How are they powered?

            Pneumatic is the standard method, but hydraulic versions can be provided as an option on many machines in the range.

            How do I know if the flange surface needs machining?

            We recommend you read our previous blog article which includes a section covering what ASME states as acceptable flange damage.

            SECTION 2: APPLICATIONS FOR A FLANGE FACING MACHINE

            Raised Face Flanges, Heat Exchanger Flanges, Techlok Flanges, Recessed Gaskets & Spigots, Weld Preps, Hub Profiles, RTJ Flanges, Lens Ring Joints, SPO Compact Flanges, Swivel Ring Flanges.

            Note: to carry out some of the above applications you will need additional options and accessories.

            What options and accessories are available?

            Optional components for widening the usage of the flange facing machine include:
          
            Compact flange machining kit to convert your existing flange facer. Alternatively you can specify a dedicated compact flange facing machine at the time of order.

                    Journal/end shaft turning kit

                    Heat exchanger mounting kit

                    Heat exchanger back facing kit

                    Lens ring machining kit

                    Orbital milling kit, replacing the single point tool post with a milling head.

                    Hydraulic conversion kit – to convert a pneumatic machine to hydraulic drive.

            Can a flange facing machine work in a subsea environment?

            Yes, however it will need to be a hydraulically powered.

            SECTION 3: CHOOSING A FLANGE FACING MACHINE

            What size machine do I need?

            There are many different sized flange facing machines available, for example smaller machines can be used on flanges from 2” up to 12” and the larger machines covers sizes from 45” up to 120”. Additionally, the MM1080ie is a unique design which can be mounted internally or externally and used to machine flanges from 0” all the way up to 157” diameter.

             Pipe Cutting and Beveling Machine

            This user pipe cutting and beveling machine is used for cutting and blanking of offshore wind power jackets. The jacket has been in the ocean for a long time, and the environmental conditions such as wind, waves, currents and ice are very harsh, so the manufacturing quality requirements are very strict. As the scale of wind power jackets tends to be larger, the corresponding pipe diameters and wall thicknesses of the pipes, ties, and columns have also increased. During the processing process, the pipe end intersecting lines have various mouth shapes, and the cutting difficulty and accuracy are also increasing. High, ordinary manual cutting methods can no longer meet the requirements. Aiming at the shortcomings of manual processing methods such as low production efficiency, high labor intensity, and poor product quality, the Kasirui technical team has developed a large pipe diameter intersecting wire cutting machine equipment to solve the problem of difficult cutting of large pipe diameter pipes!

            What is pipe beveling?

                Pipe beveling is the process where an angle is formed between the edge of the end of a pipe or tube and a plane perpendicular to the surface. A standard pipe bevel angle for welding is 37.5 degrees. Other angles and special forms such as J-Bevels can also be produced on the ends of pipe or tube using automatic pipe bevelling machines.

            Why bevel a pipe?

                Bevelling of pipe or tubing is most commonly used to prepare the ends for welding. It can also be used for deburring the cut ends for safety and aesthetic reasons.

            Why we need to automized pipe bevelling?

                ? Save time – stationary pipe cutting and beveling machine is many times faster than other methods such as hand grinding, flame cutting, hand held bevelers, or loading into a lathe.
? No more dirty operations such as hand grinding or torching.
? Consistent accurate pipe bevels each time, will face the end of the pipe square and bevel or deburr ID as needed.
? Cycle time normally in the 5 to 20 second range depending on size
? Eliminates ergonomic issues from operator handling hand tools
? Safer than hand grinding or torching, all chips are contained within the machine.
? Low operating cost, uses mostly industry standard carbide tooling
? Easily bevels stainless and materials not suitable for torching.
? Special forms such as J-bevels are easily produced.
? Can be operated by a non-skilled operator once setup.